膝蓋外側疼痛:髂脛束摩擦症候群ITBS

作者:蔡志彥 醫師
隨著訓練量的增加,髂脛束損傷的機會也增加

髂脛束損傷的症狀
        跑步導致膝蓋外側痛,常肇因於『髂脛束摩擦症候群ITBS Iliotibial band syndrome』。根據研究統計,跑者膝蓋痛約有12%來至於髂脛束摩擦症候群,高居第二名,故又被稱為「跑者膝」。常伴隨著跑步強度增加,開始可能膝蓋痠軟無力,而後在膝蓋外側有燒痛感;偶爾疼痛範圍會沿大腿外側上至臀部。

               症狀會隨著跑步時膝蓋反覆屈伸動作而更加惡化,嚴重時連從椅子要站起來或平常上下樓梯都會感覺疼痛。

髂脛束相關解剖圖


髂脛束損傷的主因
        近來研究ITBS與臀中肌(Gluteus medius)無力有很大關係。髂脛束緊繃程度是由上方有一塊闊筋膜張肌(tensor fascia latae)來控制,而闊筋膜張肌與臀中肌協同負責髖關節外展。

                 當主要維持骨盆穩定度的臀中肌無力下進行跑步時,相對的闊筋膜張肌的負擔就增加了。緊繃的闊筋膜張肌拉緊了髂脛束,使髂脛束與膝蓋附近的股骨外髁過度磨擦,便會產生發炎外側膝蓋痛的症狀。

中醫治療

   中醫的治療為調其平衡,「強者弱之,弱者強之」;強化肌力不足的臀中肌,弱化過度僵強的闊筋膜張肌。使用針灸調節身體強弱的功能,除了局部鬆解肌肉緊繃外,更可以藉由補氣針法讓臀中肌活化,同時配合衛教與適度的重量訓練,可快速改善與治癒ITBS所造成的疼痛。

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